can any body help me with this question please

[salmand]

morphine is given parenerally rather than orally to treat chronic pain because this drug has a hight first pass effect.

note you must fully explain first pass effect , how this affects the absorption of morphine and bioavilability of morphine given orally and parenerally , and how this affects its use in the control of chronic pain

[Nik]

What is your question ? And what are your ideas for that question ?

[Pharmanaut]

What is your question ? And what are your ideas for that question ?

Wonder if looking in Martindale or on the eMC website at some typical morphine products (pharmacokinetics section), might help with this question?

[Nik]

Excellent idea Pharmanaut - shame salmand didn't think of it before he posted though.

[bobbin]

morphine is given parenerally rather than orally to treat chronic pain because this drug has a hight first pass effect.

note you must fully explain first pass effect , how this affects the absorption of morphine and bioavilability of morphine given orally and parenerally , and how this affects its use in the control of chronic pain

This question was clearly not written by someone with an up-to-date knowledge of therapeutics...... and is typical of the low quality of teaching which appears to be commonplace during the pharmacy degree. If we want pharmacists to have a more clinical role in the future, it is vital that the teaching of clinical pharmacology improves. Out-of-date course material is not acceptable.

Morphine is not generally given parenterally to treat chronic pain, it is usually given orally as modified release tabs/caps. Bioavailability is variable from person to person and dosage requirements vary substantially. A wide range of tablet/capsule strengths are therefore available.

[Fleegle]

Fully agree Bobbin... also, I think all other enteral routes must also be taken into account..lifted from Wiki..I make no excuses!


Enteral is any form of administration that involves any part of the gastrointestinal tract:

• by mouth (orally), many drugs as tablets, capsules, or drops
• by gastric feeding tube, duodenal feeding tube, or gastrostomy, many drugs and enteral nutrition
• rectally, various drugs in suppository or enema form.
• No salmand, the links don't work

Fleeg.

[bobbin]

Fully agree Bobbin... also, I think all other enteral routes must also be taken into account..lifted from Wiki..I make no excuses!


Enteral is any form of administration that involves any part of the gastrointestinal tract:

• by mouth (orally), many drugs as tablets, capsules, or drops
• by gastric feeding tube, duodenal feeding tube, or gastrostomy, many drugs and enteral nutrition
• rectally, various drugs in suppository or enema form.
• No salmand, the links don't work

Fleeg.

I love Wiki